American Economic Journal:
Economic Policy
ISSN 1945-7731 (Print) | ISSN 1945-774X (Online)
The General Equilibrium Incidence of Environmental Mandates
American Economic Journal: Economic Policy
vol. 2,
no. 3, August 2010
(pp. 64–89)
Abstract
Pollution regulations affect factor demands, relative returns, production, and output prices. In our model, one sector includes pollution as an input that can be a complement or substitute for labor or capital. For each type of mandate, we find conditions where more burden is on labor or on capital. Stricter regulation does not always place less burden on the better substitute for pollution. Also, restrictions on pollution per unit output create an "output-subsidy effect" on factor prices that can reverse the usual output and substitution effects. We find analogous effects for a restriction on pollution per unit capital. (JEL H23, Q53, Q58)Citation
Fullerton, Don, and Garth Heutel. 2010. "The General Equilibrium Incidence of Environmental Mandates." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 2 (3): 64–89. DOI: 10.1257/pol.2.3.64Additional Materials
JEL Classification
- H23 Taxation and Subsidies: Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
- Q53 Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling
- Q58 Environmental Economics: Government Policy
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