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American Economic Journal: Microeconomics (Forthcoming)
Abstract
In the United States, electoral districts must be equipopulous. This requirement is known
as the one man, one vote doctrine. We propose welfare-based justifications for this requirement
under the economic view, according to which voters care about the policy, and under the political
view, according to which voters care about representation. Both justifications assume that
the districter is partisan. If the districter is benevolent, one man, one vote is harmless under
the economic view but may reduce voter welfare under the political view by as much as the
reduction from K to √K districts would.