JEL Classification System / EconLit Subject Descriptors
All changes since 2023-12-01 are noted below.
‡ = New Classification
† = Updated Classification
| A00 | General Economics and Teaching |
| A10 | General Economics: General |
| A11 | Role of Economics; Role of Economists; Market for Economists |
| A12 | Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines |
| A13 | Relation of Economics to Social Values |
| A14 | Sociology of Economics |
| A19 | General Economics: Other |
| A20 | Economic Education and Teaching of Economics: General |
| A21 | Economic Education and Teaching of Economics: Pre-college |
| A22 | Economic Education and Teaching of Economics: Undergraduate |
| A23 | Economic Education and Teaching of Economics: Graduate |
| A29 | Economic Education and Teaching of Economics: Other |
| A30 | Collective Works: General |
| A31 | Collected Writings of Individuals |
| A32 | Collective Volumes |
| A33 | Handbooks |
| A39 | Collective Works: Other |
| B00 | History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches |
| B10 | History of Economic Thought through 1925: General |
| B11 | History of Economic Thought: Preclassical (Ancient, Medieval, Mercantilist, Physiocratic) |
| B12 | History of Economic Thought: Classical (includes Adam Smith) |
| B13 | History of Economic Thought: Neoclassical through 1925 (Austrian, Marshallian, Walrasian, Wicksellian) |
| B14 | History of Economic Thought through 1925: Socialist; Marxist |
| B15 | History of Economic Thought through 1925: Historical; Institutional; Evolutionary |
| B16 | History of Economic Thought through 1925: Quantitative and Mathematical |
| B17 | History of Economic Thought through 1925: International Trade and Finance |
| B19 | History of Economic Thought through 1925: Other |
| B20 | History of Economic Thought since 1925: General |
| B21 | History of Economic Thought: Microeconomics |
| B22 | History of Economic Thought: Macroeconomics |
| B23 | History of Economic Thought: Quantitative and Mathematical |
| B24 | History of Economic Thought since 1925: Socialist; Marxist; Sraffian |
| B25 | History of Economic Thought since 1925: Historical; Institutional; Evolutionary; Austrian; Stockholm School |
| B26 | History of Economic Thought since 1925: Financial Economics |
| B27 | History of Economic Thought since 1925: International Trade and Finance |
| B29 | History of Economic Thought since 1925: Other |
| B30 | History of Economic Thought: Individuals: General |
| B31 | History of Economic Thought: Individuals |
| B32 | Obituaries |
| B40 | Economic Methodology: General |
| B41 | Economic Methodology |
| B49 | Economic Methodology: Other |
| B50 | Current Heterodox Approaches: General |
| B51 | Current Heterodox Approaches: Socialist; Marxian; Sraffian |
| B52 | Current Heterodox Approaches: Historical; Institutional; Evolutionary; Modern Monetary Theory |
| B53 | Current Heterodox Approaches: Austrian |
| B54 | Feminist Economics |
| B55 | Social Economics |
| B59 | Current Heterodox Approaches: Other |
| C00 | Mathematical and Quantitative Methods: General |
| C01 | Econometrics |
| C02 | Mathematical Methods |
| C10 | Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General |
| C11 | Bayesian Analysis: General |
| C12 | Hypothesis Testing: General |
| C13 | Estimation: General |
| C14 | Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General |
| C15 | Statistical Simulation Methods: General |
| C18 | Methodological Issues: General |
| C19 | Econometric and Statistical Methods: Other |
| C20 | Single Equation Models; Single Variables: General |
| C21 | Single Equation Models; Single Variables: Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models; Quantile Regressions |
| C22 | Single Equation Models; Single Variables: Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes |
| C23 | Single Equation Models; Single Variables: Panel Data Models; Spatio-temporal Models |
| C24 | Single Equation Models; Single Variables: Truncated and Censored Models; Switching Regression Models; Threshold Regression Models |
| C25 | Single Equation Models; Single Variables: Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors; Proportions; Probabilities |
| C26 | Single Equation Models: Single Variables: Instrumental Variables (IV) Estimation |
| C29 | Single Equation Models; Single Variables: Other |
| C30 | Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables: General |
| C31 | Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models; Quantile Regressions; Social Interaction Models |
| C32 | Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models |
| C33 | Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Panel Data Models; Spatio-temporal Models |
| C34 | Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Truncated and Censored Models; Switching Regression Models |
| C35 | Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors; Proportions |
| C36 | Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Instrumental Variables (IV) Estimation |
| C38 | Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Classification Methods; Cluster Analysis; Principal Components; Factor Models |
| C39 | Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables: Other |
| C40 | Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics: General |
| C41 | Duration Analysis; Optimal Timing Strategies |
| C42 | Classification Discontinued 2008. See C83. |
| C43 | Index Numbers and Aggregation; Leading indicators |
| C44 | Operations Research; Statistical Decision Theory |
| C45 | Neural Networks and Related Topics |
| C46 | Specific Distributions; Specific Statistics |
| C49 | Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics: Other |
| C50 | Econometric Modeling: General |
| C51 | Model Construction and Estimation |
| C52 | Model Evaluation, Validation, and Selection |
| C53 | Forecasting Models; Simulation Methods |
| C54 | Quantitative Policy Modeling |
| C55 | Large Data Sets: Modeling and Analysis |
| C57 | Econometrics of Games and Auctions |
| C58 | Financial Econometrics |
| C59 | Econometric Modeling: Other |
| C60 | Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling: General |
| C61 | Optimization Techniques; Programming Models; Dynamic Analysis |
| C62 | Existence and Stability Conditions of Equilibrium |
| C63 | Computational Techniques; Simulation Modeling |
| C65 | Miscellaneous Mathematical Tools |
| C67 | Input-Output Models |
| C68 | Computable General Equilibrium Models |
| C69 | Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling: Other |
| C70 | Game Theory and Bargaining Theory: General |
| C71 | Cooperative Games |
| C72 | Noncooperative Games |
| C73 | Stochastic and Dynamic Games; Evolutionary Games; Repeated Games |
| C78 | Bargaining Theory; Matching Theory |
| C79 | Game Theory and Bargaining Theory: Other |
| C80 | Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs: General |
| C81 | Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data; Data Access |
| C82 | Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data; Data Access |
| C83 | Survey Methods; Sampling Methods |
| C87 | Econometric Software |
| C88 | Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs: Other Computer Software |
| C89 | Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs: Other |
| C90 | Design of Experiments: General |
| C91 | Design of Experiments: Laboratory, Individual |
| C92 | Design of Experiments: Laboratory, Group Behavior |
| C93 | Field Experiments |
| C99 | Design of Experiments: Other |
| D00 | Microeconomics: General |
| D01 | Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles |
| D02 | Institutions: Design, Formation, Operations, and Impact |
| D04 | Microeconomic Policy: Formulation, Implementation, and Evaluation |
| D10 | Household Behavior: General |
| D11 | Consumer Economics: Theory |
| D12 | Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis |
| D13 | Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation |
| D14 | Household Saving; Personal Finance |
| D15 | Intertemporal Household Choice; Life Cycle Models and Saving |
| D16 | Collaborative Consumption |
| D18 | Consumer Protection |
| D19 | Household Behavior and Family Economics: Other |
| D20 | Production and Organizations: General |
| D21 | Firm Behavior: Theory |
| D22 | Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis |
| D23 | Organizational Behavior; Transaction Costs; Property Rights |
| D24 | Production; Cost; Capital; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity; Capacity |
| D25 | Intertemporal Firm Choice: Investment, Capacity, and Financing |
| D26 | Crowd-Based Firms |
| D29 | Production and Organizations: Other |
| D30 | Distribution: General |
| D31 | Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions |
| D33 | Factor Income Distribution |
| D39 | Distribution: Other |
| D40 | Market Structure, Pricing, and Design: General |
| D41 | Market Structure, Pricing, and Design: Perfect Competition |
| D42 | Market Structure, Pricing, and Design: Monopoly |
| D43 | Market Structure, Pricing, and Design: Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection |
| D44 | Auctions |
| D45 | Rationing; Licensing |
| D46 | Value Theory |
| D47 | Market Design |
| D49 | Market Structure and Pricing: Other |
| D50 | General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium: General |
| D51 | Exchange and Production Economies |
| D52 | Incomplete Markets |
| D53 | General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium: Financial Markets |
| D57 | General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium: Input-Output Tables and Analysis |
| D58 | Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models |
| D59 | General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium: Other |
| D60 | Welfare Economics: General |
| D61 | Allocative Efficiency; Cost-Benefit Analysis |
| D62 | Externalities |
| D63 | Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement |
| D64 | Altruism; Philanthropy; Intergenerational Transfers |
| D69 | Welfare Economics: Other |
| D70 | Analysis of Collective Decision-Making: General |
| D71 | Social Choice; Clubs; Committees; Associations |
| D72 | Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior |
| D73 | Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption |
| D74 | Conflict; Conflict Resolution; Alliances; Revolutions |
| D78 | Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation and Implementation |
| D79 | Analysis of Collective Decision-Making: Other |
| D80 | Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty: General |
| D81 | Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty |
| D82 | Asymmetric and Private Information; Mechanism Design |
| D83 | Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge; Communication; Belief; Unawareness |
| D84 | Expectations; Speculations |
| D85 | Network Formation and Analysis: Theory |
| D86 | Economics of Contract: Theory |
| D87 | Neuroeconomics |
| D89 | Information and Uncertainty: Other |
| D90 | Micro-Based Behavioral Economics: General |
| D91 | Micro-Based Behavioral Economics: Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on Decision Making |
| E00 | Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics: General |
| E01 | Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth; Environmental Accounts |
| E02 | Institutions and the Macroeconomy |
| E10 | General Aggregative Models: General |
| E11 | General Aggregative Models: Marxian; Sraffian; Kaleckian |
| E12 | General Aggregative Models: Keynes; Keynesian; Post-Keynesian; Modern Monetary Theory |
| E13 | General Aggregative Models: Neoclassical |
| E14 | Austrian; Evolutionary; Institutional |
| E16 | General Aggregative Models: Social Accounting Matrix |
| E17 | General Aggregative Models: Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications |
| E19 | General Aggregative Models: Other |
| E20 | Consumption, Saving, Production, Investment, Labor Markets, and Informal Economy: General (includes Measurement and Data) |
| E21 | Macroeconomics: Consumption; Saving; Wealth |
| E22 | Investment; Capital; Intangible Capital; Capacity |
| E23 | Macroeconomics: Production |
| E24 | Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity |
| E25 | Aggregate Factor Income Distribution |
| E26 | Informal Economy; Underground Economy |
| E27 | Macroeconomics: Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment: Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications |
| E29 | Consumption, Saving, Production, Investment, Labor Markets, and Informal Economy: Other |
| E30 | Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: General (includes Measurement and Data) |
| E31 | Price Level; Inflation; Deflation |
| E32 | Business Fluctuations; Cycles |
| E37 | Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications |
| E39 | Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: Other |
| E40 | Money and Interest Rates: General |
| E41 | Demand for Money |
| E42 | Monetary Systems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System; Payment Systems |
| E43 | Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects |
| E44 | Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy |
| E47 | Money and Interest Rates: Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications |
| E49 | Money and Interest Rates: Other |
| E50 | Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General |
| E51 | Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers |
| E52 | Monetary Policy |
| E58 | Central Banks and Their Policies |
| E59 | Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: Other |
| E60 | Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook: General |
| E61 | Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination |
| E62 | Fiscal Policy; Modern Monetary Theory |
| E63 | Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Stabilization; Treasury Policy |
| E64 | Incomes Policy; Price Policy |
| E65 | Studies of Particular Policy Episodes |
| E66 | General Outlook and Conditions |
| E69 | Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook: Other |
| E70 | Macro-Based Behavioral Economics: General |
| E71 | Macro-Based Behavioral Economics: Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on the Macro Economy |
| F00 | International Economics: General |
| F01 | Global Outlook |
| F02 | International Economic Order and Integration |
| F10 | Trade: General |
| F11 | Neoclassical Models of Trade |
| F12 | Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies; Fragmentation |
| F13 | Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations |
| F14 | Empirical Studies of Trade |
| F15 | Economic Integration |
| F16 | Trade and Labor Market Interactions |
| F17 | Trade: Forecasting and Simulation |
| F18 | Trade and Environment |
| F19 | Trade: Other |
| F20 | International Factor Movements and International Business: General |
| F21 | International Investment; Long-term Capital Movements |
| F22 | International Migration |
| F23 | Multinational Firms; International Business |
| F24 | Remittances |
| F29 | International Factor Movements: Other |
| F30 | International Finance: General |
| F31 | Foreign Exchange |
| F32 | Current Account Adjustment; Short-term Capital Movements |
| F33 | International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions |
| F34 | International Lending and Debt Problems |
| F35 | Foreign Aid |
| F36 | Financial Aspects of Economic Integration |
| F37 | International Finance Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications |
| F38 | International Financial Policy: Financial Transactions Tax; Capital Controls |
| F39 | International Finance: Other |
| F40 | Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance: General |
| F41 | Open Economy Macroeconomics |
| F42 | International Policy Coordination and Transmission |
| F43 | Economic Growth of Open Economies |
| F44 | International Business Cycles |
| F45 | Macroeconomic Issues of Monetary Unions |
| F47 | Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance: Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications |
| F49 | Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance: Other |
| F50 | International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy: General |
| F51 | International Conflicts; Negotiations; Sanctions |
| F52 | National Security; Economic Nationalism |
| F53 | International Agreements and Observance; International Organizations |
| F54 | Colonialism; Imperialism; Postcolonialism |
| F55 | International Institutional Arrangements |
| F59 | International Relations and International Political Economy: Other |
| F60 | Economic Impacts of Globalization: General |
| F61 | Economic Impacts of Globalization: Microeconomic Impacts |
| F62 | Economic Impacts of Globalization: Macroeconomic Impacts |
| F63 | Economic Impacts of Globalization: Economic Development |
| F64 | Economic Impacts of Globalization: Environment |
| F65 | Economic Impacts of Globalization: Finance |
| F66 | Economic Impacts of Globalization: Labor |
| F68 | Economic Impacts of Globalization: Policy |
| F69 | Economic Impacts of Globalization: Other |
| G00 | Financial Economics: General |
| G01 | Financial Crises |
| G10 | Asset Markets and Pricing |
| G11 | Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions |
| G12 | Equities; Fixed Income Securities |
| G13 | Contingent Pricing; Futures Pricing; option pricing |
| G14 | Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies; Insider Trading |
| G15 | International Financial Markets |
| G17 | Financial Forecasting and Simulation |
| G18 | General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation |
| G19 | General Financial Markets: Other |
| G20 | Financial Institutions and Services: General |
| G21 | Banks; Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages |
| G22 | Insurance; Insurance Companies; Actuarial Studies |
| G23 | Pension Funds; Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors |
| G24 | Investment Banking; Venture Capital; Brokerage; Ratings and Ratings Agencies |
| G28 | Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation |
| G29 | Financial Institutions and Services: Other |
| G30 | Corporate Finance and Governance: General |
| G31 | Capital Budgeting; Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies; Capacity |
| G32 | Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill |
| G33 | Bankruptcy; Liquidation |
| G34 | Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Voting; Proxy Contests; Corporate Governance |
| G35 | Payout Policy |
| G38 | Corporate Finance and Governance: Government Policy and Regulation |
| G39 | Corporate Finance and Governance: Other |
| G40 | Behavioral Finance: General |
| G41 | Behavioral Finance: Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on Decision Making in Financial Markets |
| G50 | Household Finance: General |
| G51 | Household Saving, Borrowing, Debt, and Wealth |
| G52 | Household Finance: Insurance |
| G53 | Household Finance: Financial Literacy |
| G59 | Household Finance: Other |
| H00 | Public Economics: General |
| H10 | Structure and Scope of Government: General |
| H11 | Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government |
| H12 | Crisis Management |
| H13 | Economics of Eminent Domain; Expropriation; Nationalization |
| H19 | Structure and Scope of Government: Other |
| H20 | Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General |
| H21 | Taxation and Subsidies: Efficiency; Optimal Taxation |
| H22 | Taxation and Subsidies: Incidence |
| H23 | Taxation and Subsidies: Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies |
| H24 | Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies; includes inheritance and gift taxes |
| H25 | Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT) |
| H26 | Tax Evasion and Avoidance |
| H27 | Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenues: Other Sources of Revenue |
| H29 | Taxation and Subsidies: Other |
| H30 | Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: General |
| H31 | Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Household |
| H32 | Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Firm |
| H39 | Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Other |
| H40 | Publicly Provided Goods: General |
| H41 | Public Goods |
| H42 | Publicly Provided Private Goods |
| H43 | Project Evaluation; Social Discount Rate |
| H44 | Publicly Provided Goods: Mixed Markets |
| H49 | Publicly Provided Goods: Other |
| H50 | National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General |
| H51 | National Government Expenditures and Health |
| H52 | National Government Expenditures and Education |
| H53 | National Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs |
| H54 | National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Infrastructures; Other Public Investment and Capital Stock |
| H55 | Social Security and Public Pensions |
| H56 | National Security and War |
| H57 | National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Procurement |
| H59 | National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Other |
| H60 | National Budget, Deficit, and Debt: General |
| H61 | National Budget; Budget Systems |
| H62 | National Deficit; Surplus |
| H63 | National Debt; Debt Management; Sovereign Debt |
| H68 | Forecasts of Budgets, Deficits, and Debt |
| H69 | National Budget, Deficit, and Debt: Other |
| H70 | State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations: General |
| H71 | State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue |
| H72 | State and Local Budget and Expenditures |
| H73 | State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations: Interjurisdictional Differentials and Their Effects |
| H74 | State and Local Borrowing |
| H75 | State and Local Government: Health; Education; Welfare; Public Pensions |
| H76 | State and Local Government: Other Expenditure Categories |
| H77 | Intergovernmental Relations; Federalism; Secession |
| H79 | State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations: Other |
| H80 | Public Economics: Miscellaneous Issues: General |
| H81 | Governmental Loans; Loan Guarantees; Credits; Grants; Bailouts |
| H82 | Governmental Property |
| H83 | Public Administration; Public Sector Accounting and Audits |
| H84 | Disaster Aid |
| H87 | International Fiscal Issues; International Public Goods |
| H89 | Public Economics: Miscellaneous Issues: Other |
| I00 | Health, Education, and Welfare: General |
| I10 | Health: General |
| I11 | Analysis of Health Care Markets |
| I12 | Health Behavior |
| I13 | Health Insurance, Public and Private |
| I14 | Health and Inequality |
| I15 | Health and Economic Development |
| I18 | Health: Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health |
| I19 | Health: Other |
| I20 | Education and Research Institutions: General |
| I21 | Analysis of Education |
| I22 | Educational Finance; Financial Aid |
| I23 | Higher Education; Research Institutions |
| I24 | Education and Inequality |
| I25 | Education and Economic Development |
| I26 | Returns to Education |
| I28 | Education: Government Policy |
| I29 | Education: Other |
| I30 | Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: General |
| I31 | General Welfare; Well-Being |
| I32 | Measurement and Analysis of Poverty |
| I38 | Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: Government Programs; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs |
| I39 | Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: Other |
| J00 | Labor and Demographic Economics: General |
| J01 | Labor Economics: General |
| J08 | Labor Economics Policies |
| J10 | Demographic Economics: General |
| J11 | Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts |
| J12 | Marriage; Marital Dissolution; Family Structure; Domestic Abuse |
| J13 | Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth |
| J14 | Economics of the Elderly; Economics of Disability; Non-labor Market Discrimination |
| J15 | Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination |
| J16 | Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination |
| J17 | Value of Life; Forgone Income |
| J18 | Demographic Economics: Public Policy |
| J19 | Demographic Economics: Other |
| J20 | Demand and Supply of Labor: General |
| J21 | Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure |
| J22 | Time Allocation and Labor Supply |
| J23 | Labor Demand |
| J24 | Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity |
| J26 | Retirement; Retirement Policies |
| J28 | Safety; Job Satisfaction; Related Public Policy |
| J29 | Time Allocation, Work Behavior, and Employment Determination: Other |
| J30 | Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General |
| J31 | Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials |
| J32 | Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits; Retirement Plans; Private Pensions |
| J33 | Compensation Packages; Payment Methods |
| J38 | Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: Public Policy |
| J39 | Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: Other |
| J40 | Particular Labor Markets: General |
| J41 | Labor Contracts |
| J42 | Monopsony; Segmented Labor Markets |
| J43 | Agricultural Labor Markets |
| J44 | Professional Labor Markets; Occupational Licensing |
| J45 | Public Sector Labor Markets |
| J46 | Informal Labor Markets |
| J47 | Coercive Labor Markets |
| J48 | Particular Labor Markets: Public Policy |
| J49 | Particular Labor Markets: Other |
| J50 | Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining: General |
| J51 | Trade Unions: Objectives, Structure, and Effects |
| J52 | Dispute Resolution: Strikes, Arbitration, and Mediation; Collective Bargaining |
| J53 | Labor-Management Relations; Industrial Jurisprudence |
| J54 | Producer Cooperatives; Labor Managed Firms; Employee Ownership |
| J58 | Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining: Public Policy |
| J59 | Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining: Other |
| J60 | Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers: General |
| J61 | Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers |
| J62 | Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility; Promotion |
| J63 | Labor Turnover; Vacancies; Layoffs |
| J64 | Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search |
| J65 | Unemployment Insurance; Severance Pay; Plant Closings |
| J68 | Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies: Public Policy |
| J69 | Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies: Other |
| J70 | Labor Discrimination: General |
| J71 | Labor Discrimination |
| J78 | Labor Discrimination: Public Policy |
| J79 | Labor Discrimination: Other |
| J80 | Labor Standards: General |
| J81 | Labor Standards: Working Conditions |
| J82 | Labor Standards: Labor Force Composition |
| J83 | Labor Standards: Workers' Rights |
| J88 | Labor Standards: Public Policy |
| J89 | Labor Standards: Other |
| K00 | Law and Economics: General |
| K10 | Basic Areas of Law: General (Constitutional Law) |
| K11 | Property Law |
| K12 | Contract Law |
| K13 | Tort Law and Product Liability; Forensic Economics |
| K14 | Criminal Law |
| K15 | Civil Law; Common Law |
| K16 | Election Law |
| K19 | Basic Areas of Law: Other |
| K20 | Regulation and Business Law: General |
| K21 | Antitrust Law |
| K22 | Business and Securities Law |
| K23 | Regulated Industries and Administrative Law |
| K24 | Cyber Law |
| K25 | Real Estate Law |
| K29 | Regulation and Business Law: Other |
| K30 | Other Substantive Areas of Law: General |
| K31 | Labor Law |
| K32 | Energy, Environmental, Health, and Safety Law |
| K33 | International Law |
| K34 | Tax Law |
| K35 | Personal Bankruptcy Law |
| K36 | Family and Personal Law |
| K37 | Immigration Law |
| K38 | Human Rights Law; Gender Law; Animal Rights Law |
| K39 | Other Substantive Areas of Law: Other |
| K40 | Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior: General |
| K41 | Litigation Process |
| K42 | Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law |
| K49 | Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior: Other |
| L00 | Industrial Organization: General |
| L10 | Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance: General |
| L11 | Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms |
| L12 | Monopoly; Monopolization Strategies |
| L13 | Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets |
| L14 | Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation; Networks |
| L15 | Information and Product Quality; Standardization and Compatibility |
| L16 | Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics: Industrial Structure and Structural Change; Industrial Price Indices |
| L17 | Open Source Products and Markets |
| L19 | Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance: Other |
| L20 | Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior: General |
| L21 | Business Objectives of the Firm |
| L22 | Firm Organization and Market Structure |
| L23 | Organization of Production |
| L24 | Contracting Out; Joint Ventures; Technology Licensing |
| L25 | Firm Performance: Size, Diversification, and Scope |
| L26 | Entrepreneurship |
| L29 | Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior: Other |
| L30 | Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise: General |
| L31 | Nonprofit Institutions; NGOs; Social Entrepreneurship |
| L32 | Public Enterprises; Public-Private Enterprises |
| L33 | Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises and Nonprofit Institutions; Privatization; Contracting Out |
| L38 | Public Policy |
| L39 | Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise: Other |
| L40 | Antitrust Issues and Policies: General |
| L41 | Monopolization; Horizontal Anticompetitive Practices |
| L42 | Vertical Restraints; Resale Price Maintenance; Quantity Discounts |
| L43 | Legal Monopolies and Regulation or Deregulation |
| L44 | Antitrust Policy and Public Enterprises, Nonprofit Institutions, and Professional Organizations |
| L49 | Antitrust Policy: Other |
| L50 | Regulation and Industrial Policy: General |
| L51 | Economics of Regulation |
| L52 | Industrial Policy; Sectoral Planning Methods |
| L53 | Enterprise Policy |
| L59 | Regulation and Industrial Policy: Other |
| L60 | Industry Studies: Manufacturing: General |
| L61 | Metals and Metal Products; Cement; Glass; Ceramics |
| L62 | Automobiles; Other Transportation Equipment; Related Parts and Equipment |
| L63 | Microelectronics; Computers; Communications Equipment |
| L64 | Other Machinery; Business Equipment; Armaments |
| L65 | Chemicals; Rubber; Drugs; Biotechnology; Plastics |
| L66 | Food; Beverages; Cosmetics; Tobacco; Wine and Spirits |
| L67 | Other Consumer Nondurables: Clothing, Textiles, Shoes, and Leather Goods; Household Goods; Sports Equipment |
| L68 | Appliances; Furniture; Other Consumer Durables |
| L69 | Industry Studies: Manufacturing: Other |
| L70 | Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction: General |
| L71 | Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels |
| L72 | Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Other Nonrenewable Resources |
| L73 | Forest Products |
| L74 | Construction |
| L78 | Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction: Government Policy |
| L79 | Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction: Other |
| L80 | Industry Studies: Services: General |
| L81 | Retail and Wholesale Trade; e-Commerce |
| L82 | Entertainment; Media |
| L83 | Sports; Gambling; Restaurants; Recreation; Tourism |
| L84 | Personal, Professional, and Business Services |
| L85 | Real Estate Services |
| L86 | Information and Internet Services; Computer Software |
| L87 | Postal and Delivery Services |
| L88 | Industry Studies: Services: Government Policy |
| L89 | Industry Studies: Services: Other |
| L90 | Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities: General |
| L91 | Transportation: General |
| L92 | Railroads and Other Surface Transportation |
| L93 | Air Transportation |
| L94 | Electric Utilities |
| L95 | Gas Utilities; Pipelines; Water Utilities |
| L96 | Telecommunications |
| L97 | Utilities: General |
| L98 | Industry Studies: Utilities and Transportation: Government Policy |
| L99 | Industry Studies: Utilities and Transportation: Other |
| M00 | Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics: General |
| M10 | Business Administration: General |
| M11 | Production Management |
| M12 | Personnel Management; Executives; Executive Compensation |
| M13 | New Firms; Startups |
| M14 | Corporate Culture; Diversity; Social Responsibility |
| M15 | IT Management |
| M16 | International Business Administration |
| M19 | Business Administration: Other |
| M20 | Business Economics: General |
| M21 | Business Economics |
| M29 | Business Economics: Other |
| M30 | Marketing and Advertising: General |
| M31 | Marketing |
| M37 | Advertising |
| M38 | Marketing and Advertising: Government Policy and Regulation |
| M39 | Marketing and Advertising: Other |
| M40 | Accounting and Auditing: General |
| M41 | Accounting |
| M42 | Auditing |
| M48 | Accounting and Auditing: Government Policy and Regulation |
| M49 | Accounting: Other |
| M50 | Personnel Economics: General |
| M51 | Personnel Economics: Firm Employment Decisions; Promotions |
| M52 | Personnel Economics: Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects |
| M53 | Personnel Economics: Training |
| M54 | Personnel Economics: Labor Management |
| M55 | Personnel Economics: Labor Contracting Devices |
| M59 | Personnel Economics: Other |
| N00 | Economic History: General |
| N01 | Development of the Discipline: Historiographical; Sources and Methods |
| N10 | Economic History: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations: General, International, or Comparative |
| N11 | Economic History: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 |
| N12 | Economic History: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations: U.S.; Canada: 1913- |
| N13 | Economic History: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations: Europe: Pre-1913 |
| N14 | Economic History: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations: Europe: 1913- |
| N15 | Economic History: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations: Asia including Middle East |
| N16 | Economic History: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations: Latin America; Caribbean |
| N17 | Economic History: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations: Africa; Oceania |
| N20 | Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: General, International, or Comparative |
| N21 | Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 |
| N22 | Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: U.S.; Canada: 1913- |
| N23 | Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: Europe: Pre-1913 |
| N24 | Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: Europe: 1913- |
| N25 | Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: Asia including Middle East |
| N26 | Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: Latin America; Caribbean |
| N27 | Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: Africa; Oceania |
| N30 | Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy: General, International, or Comparative |
| N31 | Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 |
| N32 | Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy: U.S.; Canada: 1913- |
| N33 | Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy: Europe: Pre-1913 |
| N34 | Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy: Europe: 1913- |
| N35 | Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy: Asia including Middle East |
| N36 | Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy: Latin America; Caribbean |
| N37 | Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy: Africa; Oceania |
| N40 | Economic History: Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: General, International, or Comparative |
| N41 | Economic History: Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 |
| N42 | Economic History: Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: U.S.; Canada: 1913- |
| N43 | Economic History: Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: Europe: Pre-1913 |
| N44 | Economic History: Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: Europe: 1913- |
| N45 | Economic History: Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: Asia including Middle East |
| N46 | Economic History: Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: Latin America; Caribbean |
| N47 | Economic History: Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: Africa; Oceania |
| N50 | Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: General, International, or Comparative |
| N51 | Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 |
| N52 | Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: U.S.; Canada: 1913- |
| N53 | Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: Europe: Pre-1913 |
| N54 | Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: Europe: 1913- |
| N55 | Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: Asia including Middle East |
| N56 | Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: Latin America; Caribbean |
| N57 | Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: Africa; Oceania |
| N60 | Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: General, International, or Comparative |
| N61 | Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 |
| N62 | Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: U.S.; Canada: 1913- |
| N63 | Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: Europe: Pre-1913 |
| N64 | Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: Europe: 1913- |
| N65 | Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: Asia including Middle East |
| N66 | Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: Latin America; Caribbean |
| N67 | Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: Africa; Oceania |
| N70 | Economic History: Transport, International and Domestic Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: General, International, or Comparative |
| N71 | Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 |
| N72 | Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: U.S.; Canada: 1913- |
| N73 | Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: Europe: Pre-1913 |
| N74 | Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: Europe: 1913- |
| N75 | Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: Asia including Middle East |
| N76 | Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: Latin America; Caribbean |
| N77 | Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: Africa; Oceania |
| N80 | Micro-Business History: General, International, or Comparative |
| N81 | Micro-Business History: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 |
| N82 | Micro-Business History: U.S.; Canada: 1913- |
| N83 | Micro-Business History: Europe: Pre-1913 |
| N84 | Micro-Business History: Europe: 1913- |
| N85 | Micro-Business History: Asia including Middle East |
| N86 | Micro-Business History: Latin America; Caribbean |
| N87 | Micro-Business History: Africa; Oceania |
| N90 | Regional and Urban History: General |
| N91 | Regional and Urban History: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 |
| N92 | Regional and Urban History: U.S.; Canada: 1913- |
| N93 | Regional and Urban History: Europe: Pre-1913 |
| N94 | Regional and Urban History: Europe: 1913- |
| N95 | Regional and Urban History: Asia including Middle East |
| N96 | Regional and Urban History: Latin America; Caribbean |
| N97 | Regional and Urban History: Africa; Oceania |
| O00 | Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth |
| O10 | Economic Development: General |
| O11 | Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development |
| O12 | Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development |
| O13 | Economic Development: Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Other Primary Products |
| O14 | Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology |
| O15 | Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration |
| O16 | Economic Development: Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance |
| O17 | Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements |
| O18 | Economic Development: Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure |
| O19 | International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations |
| O20 | Development Planning and Policy: General |
| O21 | Planning Models; Planning Policy |
| O22 | Project Analysis |
| O23 | Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development |
| O24 | Development Planning and Policy: Trade Policy; Factor Movement; Foreign Exchange Policy |
| O25 | Industrial Policy |
| O29 | Development Planning and Policy: Other |
| O30 | Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights: General |
| O31 | Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives |
| O32 | Management of Technological Innovation and R&D |
| O33 | Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes |
| O34 | Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital |
| O35 | Social Innovation |
| O36 | Open Innovation |
| O38 | Technological Change: Government Policy |
| O39 | Technological Change: Other |
| O40 | Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity: General |
| O41 | One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models |
| O42 | Monetary Growth Models |
| O43 | Institutions and Growth |
| O44 | Environment and Growth |
| O47 | Empirical Studies of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence |
| O49 | Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity: Other |
| O50 | Economywide Country Studies: General |
| O51 | Economywide Country Studies: U.S.; Canada |
| O52 | Economywide Country Studies: Europe |
| O53 | Economywide Country Studies: Asia including Middle East |
| O54 | Economywide Country Studies: Latin America; Caribbean |
| O55 | Economywide Country Studies: Africa |
| O56 | Economywide Country Studies: Oceania |
| O57 | Comparative Studies of Countries |
| P00 | Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems: General |
| P10 | Capitalist Economies: General |
| P11 | Capitalist Economies: Planning, Coordination, and Reform |
| P12 | Capitalist Enterprises |
| P13 | Cooperative Enterprises |
| P14 | Capitalist Economies: Property Rights |
| P16 | Capitalist Institutions; Welfare State |
| P17 | Capitalist Economies: Performance and Prospects |
| P18 | Energy; Environment |
| P19 | Capitalist Economies: Other |
| P20 | Socialist and Transition Economies: General |
| P21 | Socialist and Transitional Economies: Planning, Coordination, and Reform |
| P22 | Socialist and Transitional Economies: Prices |
| P23 | Socialist and Transitional Economies: Factor and Product Markets; Industry Studies; Population |
| P24 | Socialist and Transitional Economies: National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation |
| P25 | Socialist and Transitional Economies: Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics |
| P26 | Socialist and Transitional Economies: Property Rights |
| P27 | Socialist and Transitional Economies: Performance and Prospects |
| P28 | Socialist and Transitional Economies: Natural Resources; Energy; Environment |
| P29 | Socialist and Transitional Economies: Other |
| P30 | Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: General |
| P31 | Socialist Enterprises and Their Transitions |
| P32 | Collectives; Communes; Agriculture |
| P33 | Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: International Trade, Finance, Investment, Relations, and Aid |
| P34 | Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Financial Economics |
| P35 | Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Public Economics |
| P36 | Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Consumer Economics; Health; Education and Training: Welfare, Income, Wealth, and Poverty |
| P37 | Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Legal Institutions; Illegal Behavior |
| P39 | Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Other |
| P40 | Other Economic Systems: General |
| P41 | Other Economic Systems: Planning, Coordination, and Reform |
| P42 | Other Economic Systems: Productive Enterprises; Factor and Product Markets; Prices; Population |
| P43 | Other Economic Systems: Public Economics; Financial Economics |
| P44 | Other Economic Systems: National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation |
| P45 | Other Economic Systems: International Trade, Finance, Investment and Aid |
| P46 | Other Economic Systems: Consumer Economics; Health; Education and Training; Welfare, Income, Wealth, and Poverty |
| P47 | Other Economic Systems: Performance and Prospects |
| P48 | Other Economic Systems: Legal Institutions; Property Rights; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Regional Studies |
| P49 | Other Economic Systems: Other |
| P50 | Comparative Economic Systems: General |
| P51 | Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems |
| P52 | Comparative Studies of Particular Economies |
| P59 | Comparative Economic Systems: Other |
| Q00 | Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics: General |
| Q01 | Sustainable Development |
| Q02 | Commodity Markets |
| Q10 | Agriculture: General |
| Q11 | Agriculture: Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis; Prices |
| Q12 | Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets |
| Q13 | Agricultural Markets and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness |
| Q14 | Agricultural Finance |
| Q15 | Land Ownership and Tenure; Land Reform; Land Use; Irrigation; Agriculture and Environment |
| Q16 | Agricultural R&D; Agricultural Technology; Biofuels; Agricultural Extension Services |
| Q17 | Agriculture in International Trade |
| Q18 | Agricultural Policy; Food Policy; Animal Welfare Policy |
| Q19 | Agriculture: Other |
| Q20 | Renewable Resources and Conservation: General |
| Q21 | Renewable Resources and Conservation: Demand and Supply; Prices |
| Q22 | Renewable Resources and Conservation: Fishery; Aquaculture |
| Q23 | Renewable Resources and Conservation: Forestry |
| Q24 | Renewable Resources and Conservation: Land |
| Q25 | Renewable Resources and Conservation: Water |
| Q26 | Recreational Aspects of Natural Resources |
| Q27 | Renewable Resources and Conservation: Issues in International Trade |
| Q28 | Renewable Resources and Conservation: Government Policy |
| Q29 | Renewable Resources and Conservation: Other |
| Q30 | Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: General |
| Q31 | Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: Demand and Supply; Prices |
| Q32 | Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development |
| Q33 | Resource Booms |
| Q34 | Natural Resources and Domestic and International Conflicts |
| Q35 | Hydrocarbon Resources |
| Q37 | Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: Issues in International Trade |
| Q38 | Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: Government Policy |
| Q39 | Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: Other |
| Q40 | Energy: General |
| Q41 | Energy: Demand and Supply; Prices |
| Q42 | Alternative Energy Sources |
| Q43 | Energy and the Macroeconomy |
| Q47 | Energy Forecasting |
| Q48 | Energy: Government Policy |
| Q49 | Energy: Other |
| Q50 | Environmental Economics: General |
| Q51 | Valuation of Environmental Effects |
| Q52 | Pollution Control Adoption and Costs; Distributional Effects; Employment Effects |
| Q53 | Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling |
| Q54 | Climate; Natural Disasters and Their Management; Global Warming |
| Q55 | Environmental Economics: Technological Innovation |
| Q56 | Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounts and Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth |
| Q57 | Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services; Biodiversity Conservation; Bioeconomics; Industrial Ecology |
| Q58 | Environmental Economics: Government Policy |
| Q59 | Environmental Economics: Other |
| R00 | Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics: General |
| R10 | General Regional Economics (includes Regional Data) |
| R11 | Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes |
| R12 | Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity |
| R13 | General Equilibrium and Welfare Economic Analysis of Regional Economies |
| R14 | Land Use Patterns |
| R15 | General Regional Economics: Econometric and Input-Output Models; Other Models |
| R19 | General Regional Economics: Other |
| R20 | Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics: Household Analysis: General |
| R21 | Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics: Housing Demand |
| R22 | Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics: Other Demand |
| R23 | Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics: Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population; Neighborhood Characteristics |
| R28 | Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics: Government Policy |
| R29 | Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics: Household Analysis: Other |
| R30 | Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location: General |
| R31 | Housing Supply and Markets |
| R32 | Other Spatial Production and Pricing Analysis |
| R33 | Nonagricultural and Nonresidential Real Estate Markets |
| R38 | Production Analysis and Firm Location: Government Policy |
| R39 | Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location: Other |
| R40 | Transportation Economics: General |
| R41 | Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion; Travel Time; Safety and Accidents; Transportation Noise |
| R42 | Transportation Economics: Government and Private Investment Analysis; Road Maintenance, Transportation Planning |
| R48 | Transportation Economics: Government Pricing and Policy |
| R49 | Transportation Economics: Other |
| R50 | Regional Government Analysis: General |
| R51 | Finance in Urban and Rural Economies |
| R52 | Regional Government Analysis: Land Use and Other Regulations |
| R53 | Public Facility Location Analysis; Public Investment and Capital Stock |
| R58 | Regional Development Planning and Policy |
| R59 | Regional Government Analysis: Other |
| Y10 | Data: Tables and Charts |
| Y20 | Introductory Material |
| Y30 | Book Reviews (unclassified) |
| Y40 | Dissertations (unclassified) |
| Y50 | Further Reading (unclassified) |
| Y60 | Excerpt |
| Y70 | No Author General Discussions |
| Y80 | Related Disciplines |
| Y90 | Miscellaneous Categories: Other |
| Y91 | Pictures and Maps |
| Y92 | Novels, Self-Help Books, etc. |
| Z00 | Other Special Topics: General |
| Z10 | Cultural Economics; Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology: General |
| Z11 | Cultural Economics: Economics of the Arts and Literature |
| Z12 | Cultural Economics: Religion |
| Z13 | Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology; Language; Social and Economic Stratification |
| Z18 | Cultural Economics: Public Policy |
| Z19 | Cultural Economics: Other |
| Z20 | Sports Economics: General |
| Z21 | Sports Economics: Industry Studies |
| Z22 | Sports Economics: Labor Issues |
| Z23 | Sports Economics: Finance |
| Z28 | Sports Economics: Policy |
| Z29 | Sports Economics: Other |
| Z30 | Tourism Economics: General |
| Z31 | Tourism: Industry Studies |
| Z32 | Tourism and Development |
| Z33 | Tourism: Marketing and Finance |
| Z38 | Tourism: Policy |
| Z39 | Tourism: Other |